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</ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="ny_right"> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="ny_title"> <span id="iwg0qo0g" class="left"> <b>技術(shù)文章 </b>/ article </span> <span id="iwg0qo0g" class="right"><img src="/skins/575621/images/home.png">您的位置：<a href="/">網(wǎng)站首頁(yè)</a> > <a href="/article.html">技術(shù)文章</a> > 除塵設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)選型依據(jù)</span> </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="right_content"> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-cont"> <h1 class="art-title">除塵設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)選型依據(jù)</h1> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-info"> 　　點(diǎn)擊次數(shù)： 891次 </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-body"> <h2 style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體;font-size: 19px">一、設(shè)計(jì)選型依據(jù)</span></strong><strong></strong></h2><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1.1 處理風(fēng)量</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">處理風(fēng)量是布袋式除塵器設(shè)計(jì)選型中重要的影響因素之一，因?yàn)椴即匠龎m器的性能取決于工況條件下的實(shí)際過(guò)濾風(fēng)速。除塵器處理風(fēng)量是指工況風(fēng)量，包括塵源設(shè)備集塵風(fēng)量、必要的備用風(fēng)量、閥門(mén)管道的漏風(fēng)量以及直接混風(fēng)的冷卻風(fēng)量。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1.2 運(yùn)行溫度</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1）上限低于濾料所允許的zui高承受溫度；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2）下限高于含塵氣體露點(diǎn)15℃。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1.3 氣體成分</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1）水分（含濕量）</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">氣體中的水分影響過(guò)濾和清灰性能，以及濾料的使用壽命，是布袋式除塵器設(shè)計(jì)選型的重要依據(jù)之一。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2）氣體組分</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">選擇濾料時(shí)應(yīng)考慮煙氣中的氧含量，較高的氧含量將影響濾料的壽命。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3）可燃性氣體</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">煙氣中含有可燃性氣體或者粉塵時(shí)，箱體結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)采用防爆設(shè)計(jì)和其他防爆技術(shù)，并設(shè)置可靠的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">4）腐蝕性氣體</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">腐蝕性氣體是選擇除塵器材質(zhì)及防腐方法的重要依據(jù)。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">5）有毒氣體</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">處理含有</span><span style="font-family:宋體">CO及氣體有毒氣體時(shí)，布袋除塵器必須采用嚴(yán)格密封結(jié)構(gòu)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1.4 粉塵性質(zhì)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1）粒徑分布</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">細(xì)顆粒粉塵難捕集，不易清灰；粗顆粒，捕集和清灰都比較容易，但易對(duì)濾料和設(shè)備產(chǎn)生磨損。特別是采用玻纖濾料時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意濾料的磨損。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2）粒子形狀</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">粒子形狀分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則，對(duì)于能凝聚成絮狀物的纖維狀粒子，應(yīng)采用強(qiáng)力清灰方式，并采用較低過(guò)濾風(fēng)速，濾袋間距適當(dāng)增大。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3）粉塵的密度</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">堆積密度關(guān)系到除塵器的過(guò)濾面積和過(guò)濾阻力，堆積密度越小，清灰越困難，從而使布袋式除塵器阻力增高，導(dǎo)致必須選用較大的過(guò)濾面積。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">4）磨琢性</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">鋁粉、硅粉、碳粉、燒結(jié)礦粉都屬于高磨琢性粉塵，在設(shè)計(jì)除塵器本體和選擇進(jìn)風(fēng)方式時(shí)，應(yīng)予密切關(guān)注。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">5）帶電性</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">利用粉塵的帶電性，可以通過(guò)讓粉塵荷電，使粉塵層呈疏松狀，降低除塵器阻力，或提高過(guò)濾風(fēng)速。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">6）可燃性與爆炸性</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">除塵器設(shè)計(jì)采用防燃、防爆措施，同時(shí)杜絕火源。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1.5 含塵濃度</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">含塵濃度將直接影響設(shè)備阻力和清灰周期，并增加濾料和箱體的磨損，同時(shí)影響卸輸灰裝置的選型，卸輸灰裝置處理能力應(yīng)不小于含塵濃度氣體量的</span><span style="font-family:宋體">1.5倍。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1.6 排放要求</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">除塵器出口含塵濃度，影響除塵器形式、濾料種類的選擇。</span></p><h2 style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體;font-size: 19px">二、設(shè)計(jì)選型要點(diǎn)</span></strong><strong></strong></h2><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1 過(guò)濾速度選取</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">布袋式除塵器的過(guò)濾速度影響因素包括：清灰方式、清灰制度、粉塵特性、濾料特性、預(yù)定的設(shè)備阻力、入口含塵濃度等。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">可采用較高過(guò)濾風(fēng)速的情況：采用強(qiáng)力清灰方式（如脈沖噴吹），清灰周期較短，入口含塵濃度較低，粉塵顆粒較大、粘性較小，處理常溫含塵氣體，采用針刺氈濾料或腹膜過(guò)濾濾料。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">須采用較低過(guò)濾風(fēng)速的情況：采用弱力清灰（如反吹清灰、振動(dòng)清灰），處理高溫?zé)煔?，粉塵細(xì)、粘、密度小，要求排塵密度低，采用素布或玻纖等濾料時(shí)。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2 箱體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">布袋式除塵器的箱體結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括：箱體（塵氣室、凈氣室和灰斗）、過(guò)濾元件（濾袋、袋籠）、清灰裝置、卸灰和輸灰裝置、安全檢修設(shè)施。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1）箱體的耐壓強(qiáng)度，一般按照引風(fēng)機(jī)全壓的1.2倍來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)，取+6000Pa進(jìn)行耐壓強(qiáng)度校核。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2）花板厚度一般不小于3-5mm，并能承受兩面壓差、濾袋自重和zui大粉塵載荷，花板邊距孔中心間距應(yīng)大于孔徑。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3）凈氣室的斷面風(fēng)速一般選取4-6m/s.</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">4）灰斗容積應(yīng)考慮設(shè)備檢修時(shí)間內(nèi)的儲(chǔ)灰量，灰斗應(yīng)設(shè)置檢修門(mén)，卸灰閥與灰斗之間應(yīng)設(shè)置手動(dòng)插板閥。處理易結(jié)露煙氣或捕集粘性較大的粉塵時(shí)，宜在灰斗設(shè)置料位計(jì)、伴熱和保溫裝置、破拱裝置，灰斗料位計(jì)和破拱裝置不宜設(shè)在同一側(cè)面，卸灰設(shè)備應(yīng)滿足zui大卸灰量和確?；叶锋i氣的要求，避免粉塵外溢。</span></p><h2 style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體;font-size: 19px">三、布袋式除塵器對(duì)于磨琢性粉塵的處理</span></strong><strong></strong></h2><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3.1 設(shè)置預(yù)除塵器</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">對(duì)于氧化鋁、硅石、焦炭等高硬度粉塵，應(yīng)在布袋除塵器之前設(shè)置預(yù)除塵器，預(yù)先除掉粉塵中的較粗顆粒，預(yù)除塵器應(yīng)著眼于簡(jiǎn)易低阻，不追求除塵效率，通常采用沉降室、重力除塵器和慣性除塵器。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3.2 采用較低過(guò)濾風(fēng)速</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">對(duì)于磨琢性粉塵，宜選用較低過(guò)濾風(fēng)速，一般不超過(guò)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">1.0m/min.</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3.3 改進(jìn)除塵器入口設(shè)計(jì)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">除塵器入口處是布袋式除塵器</span><span style="font-family:宋體">zui易磨損的位置，對(duì)于磨琢性粉塵，通常將入口設(shè)置成下傾狀，使粗顆粒順勢(shì)沉降，也可在入口處設(shè)多孔板或階梯柵狀均流緩沖裝置。</span></span></p><h2 style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體;font-size: 19px">四、可燃性、爆炸性塵氣的處理</span></strong><strong></strong></h2><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">對(duì)于煙氣中含有</span><span style="font-family:宋體">CO、氫氣等可燃?xì)怏w或者碳、鎂、鋁等易爆粉塵，除塵器設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取可靠的防燃防爆措施。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1）增設(shè)火花捕集器，或其它預(yù)除塵器，捕集灼熱粗粒塵；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2）增設(shè)噴霧冷卻塔，將煙氣溫度降至著火溫度以下，抑制靜電荷產(chǎn)生；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">3）除塵器入口管道設(shè)置火星探測(cè)器，予以報(bào)警和滅火控制；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">4）防止除塵器箱體內(nèi)部積灰，灰斗傾角不小于70°；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">5）選用消靜電濾料，濾袋及除塵器箱體采用靜電接地，防止濾料因靜電積聚激發(fā)火花；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">6）優(yōu)先選用脈沖清灰方式，采用高壓氮?dú)庾鳛榍寤覄?dòng)力，嚴(yán)禁采用振動(dòng)清灰方式；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">7）在除塵器箱體上安裝泄爆閥（泄爆門(mén)、爆破片），以減少爆炸強(qiáng)度，縮小爆炸范圍。</span></p><h2 style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style="font-family: 宋體;font-size: 19px">五、含焦油霧氣體的處理</span></strong><strong></strong></h2><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">焦?fàn)t煙氣中含有煤焦油，這種煙氣若直接進(jìn)入布袋除塵器，會(huì)造成布袋表面板結(jié)，不易清</span> <span style="font-family:宋體">除，須采取特殊處理措施。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">1）噴入吸附劑</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋體">采用焦炭、活性炭等作為吸附劑，噴入布袋除塵器之前的反應(yīng)器，吸附油霧后，再進(jìn)入除塵器捕集分離。吸附反應(yīng)器有文丘里管、垂直徑向噴射、以及沸騰床等多種形式，凈化效率可達(dá)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">95%。后置布袋宜選用腹膜濾袋。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">2）預(yù)涂塵技術(shù)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px">對(duì)于焦?fàn)t煙氣，利用除塵器下回收的焦炭粉作為預(yù)涂塵，用氣力輸灰裝置噴入除塵器進(jìn)口管路，吸附部分焦油，并均勻分布在濾袋表面，形成預(yù)涂塵。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:19px"> </span></p><p><br/></p> </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-next"> <dl class="shangxia"> <dd>上一篇：<a href="/Article-1200766.html">自動(dòng)噴漆線的組成及功能</a> </dd> <dd>下一篇：<a href="/Article-1211726.html">焊接伸縮房的特點(diǎn)和功能</a> 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