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article </span> <span id="iwg0qo0g" class="right"><img src="/skins/575621/images/home.png">您的位置：<a href="/">網(wǎng)站首頁</a> > <a href="/article.html">技術(shù)文章</a> > 涂裝基礎(chǔ)知識范圍</span> </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="right_content"> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-cont"> <h1 class="art-title">涂裝基礎(chǔ)知識范圍</h1> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-info"> 　　點(diǎn)擊次數(shù)： 1948次 </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" class="art-body"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>1</strong><strong>概述</strong></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>1.1</strong><strong>涂裝的功能</strong></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">涂裝的功能主要有兩點(diǎn)：一是，防腐蝕，二是，裝飾。另外，還有一些特殊功能，如：調(diào)節(jié)熱、電等能量的傳導(dǎo)性，目標(biāo)的保護(hù)色等。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px"><strong>1.2</strong><strong>涂裝的三要素</strong></span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">涂裝工程的關(guān)鍵是：涂裝材料、涂裝工藝及設(shè)備和涂裝管理。涂裝材料的質(zhì)量是獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)涂層的基本條件。涂裝工藝及設(shè)備是充分發(fā)揮涂裝材料的性能，獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)涂層，降低生產(chǎn)成本和提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的必要條件。涂裝管理是確保所制定的工藝的實施，確保涂裝質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定、達(dá)到涂裝目的和*經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要條件。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">2涂裝工藝流程</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">清理局部銹斑 →手工擦凈 →熱水洗 →預(yù)脫脂 →脫脂 →水洗 →水洗 →表調(diào) →磷化 →水洗 →水洗 →鈍化 →循環(huán)去離子水洗 →干凈去離子水洗 →水份烘干 →冷卻 →浸漆(噴底漆、粉末噴涂) →晾干 →陽(陰)級電泳 →槽上沖洗 →循環(huán)UF水洗 →循環(huán)UF水洗 →新鮮UF水洗 →循環(huán)去離子水洗 →干凈去離子水洗 →烘干 →冷卻 →鈑金修整 →刮膩子 →烘干 →冷卻 →打磨 →涂焊縫密封膠 →上遮蓋 →噴PVC涂料 →卸遮蓋 →烘干 →冷卻 →打磨 →擦凈 →噴中涂 →晾置 →烘干 →冷卻 →刮膩子 →烘干 →冷卻 →打磨 →擦凈 →噴面漆 →晾置 →烘干 →冷卻 →上遮蓋 →噴彩條 →卸遮蓋 →晾置 →烘干 →冷卻 →檢查修飾 →拋光 →噴蠟 →擦凈。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3涂裝主要設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">涂裝主要設(shè)備分為涂裝前表面預(yù)處理設(shè)備、涂漆設(shè)備、涂膜干燥和固化設(shè)備、機(jī)械化輸送設(shè)備。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.1涂裝前表面預(yù)處理設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.1.1預(yù)處理的目的是：去除被涂件所帶的異物，如氧化皮、銹斑、油脂等，提供適合于涂裝要求的良好基底，如磷化、氧化、鈍化，以保證涂層具有良好的防腐性能和裝飾性能。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.1.2預(yù)處理設(shè)備主要分為浸漬式、噴射式。主要由槽體、槽液加熱系統(tǒng)、通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、槽液攪拌系統(tǒng)、磷化除渣系統(tǒng)、油水分離系統(tǒng)等組成。其中，磷化除渣和油水分離裝置是關(guān)鍵系統(tǒng)，磷化除渣有沉降法、旋液分離法、斜板沉淀法、袋式過濾法、板框壓濾機(jī)等常用方法。油水分離主要有：吸附法、超濾法、熱油分離法和離心法等。目前，國內(nèi)、外汽車廠大部分采用噴－浸－噴相結(jié)合的預(yù)處理方式。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2涂漆設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.1涂漆的方法</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">涂漆的方法很多，有刷漆法，浸漆法、空氣噴涂法、高壓無空氣噴涂法、靜電噴涂法、電泳涂漆法、淋漆法等。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.2涂漆的環(huán)境</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">理想的涂漆環(huán)境應(yīng)滿足良好的采光，適當(dāng)?shù)臏囟?、濕度和潔凈度的空氣，良好的通風(fēng)以及防火防爆要求。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.3噴漆設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">噴漆設(shè)備的作用是將過噴的漆霧限制在一定的區(qū)域內(nèi)并經(jīng)過過濾處理，使操作者得到符合衛(wèi)生條件和安全規(guī)范的工作環(huán)境。此外，還應(yīng)提供具有一定溫度、濕度、潔凈度的施工條件。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.3.1常見噴漆室分類</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">1)干式噴漆室：適用于小批量工件的噴漆；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">2)噴淋式噴漆室：適用于小型工件的噴漆；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3)水幕噴漆室：適用于中等工件的噴漆；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">4)水旋式噴漆室：適用于裝飾性要求較高的大型工件的噴漆。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.3.2噴漆室主要結(jié)構(gòu)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">1)室體：作用是將過噴漆霧限制在一定的范圍內(nèi)。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">2)漆霧過濾裝置：分干式和濕式兩種。干式通過折流板或過濾紙將漆霧過濾下來。濕式是通過氣水混合作用，將漆霧顆粒從空氣中分離出來。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3)供水系統(tǒng)：保證濕式噴漆室所需的水量正常循環(huán)。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">4)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)：由送風(fēng)、排風(fēng)組成，向設(shè)備提供具有一定的溫度、濕度和潔凈度的空氣，保證室內(nèi)空氣呈層流狀態(tài)。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">5)照明裝置：保證設(shè)備有良好的采光。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.4浸漆設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">將工件浸沒于漆液內(nèi)，利用漆液的粘附性使工件表面粘附一層涂料。浸漆設(shè)備主要由槽體、去余漆裝置、攪拌裝置、加熱裝置、通風(fēng)裝置及防火安全裝置組成。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.5靜電噴涂設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">靜電噴漆是依據(jù)靜電場對電荷的作用原理而實現(xiàn)的。一般包括靜電噴漆室、高壓靜電發(fā)生器、靜電噴槍裝置、供漆裝置、安全裝置等組成。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.6電泳涂漆設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">電泳涂漆是在外加電場的作用下，將分散在水中的電離的涂料顆粒，通過電泳動涂覆在工作表面而形成保護(hù)性的涂層。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">電泳設(shè)備一般由槽體、攪拌循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、電極裝置、漆液溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置、涂料補(bǔ)給裝置、通風(fēng)裝置、電源供給裝置及電泳后沖洗裝置組成。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.2.7粉末靜電噴涂設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">粉末涂覆具有經(jīng)濟(jì)性好，無環(huán)境污染、效率高、一次噴涂可使涂層厚度達(dá)到50μm以上。粉末靜電噴涂設(shè)備主要包括噴粉室、高壓靜電發(fā)生器、靜電噴粉槍、供粉器、粉末回收裝置等組成。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.3烘干設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.3.1烘干設(shè)備主要分類及組成</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">按加熱方式分為：對流烘干、輻射烘干、對流＋輻射烘干；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">按結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為：直通式、橋式、П字型等。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">主要組成：</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">1)室體：使循環(huán)的熱空氣不外溢，使室內(nèi)的溫度保持在一定的范圍內(nèi)；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">2)加熱系統(tǒng)：有輻射加熱和對流加熱，保證室內(nèi)空氣溫度控制在工藝要求范圍內(nèi)；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3)風(fēng)幕系統(tǒng)：防止熱空氣外溢，提高熱效率；</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">4)溫度控制系統(tǒng)：保證室內(nèi)各段溫度達(dá)到工藝要求的裝置。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3.4機(jī)械化輸送設(shè)備</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">機(jī)械化輸送設(shè)備主要分為空中輸送和地面輸送兩大類。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">空中輸送有：普通懸掛輸送機(jī)、雙鏈?zhǔn)綉覓燧斔蜋C(jī)、輕型懸掛輸送機(jī)、積放式懸掛輸送機(jī)、自行葫蘆輸送。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">地面輸送有：地面反向積放式輸送機(jī)、滑橇輸送機(jī)、坦克鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī)、普通地面輸送機(jī)。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">機(jī)械化設(shè)備的作用是在整個涂裝生產(chǎn)線中起著組織協(xié)調(diào)作用。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">4涂裝設(shè)備主要測試要求</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">1)烘干類設(shè)備主要測試爐溫的均勻性，通?？刂圃?plusmn;5℃，采用隨爐測溫儀一次zui多可測試6個位置。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">2)噴漆類設(shè)備主要測試照度、溫度、濕度和平均風(fēng)速：對于要求較高的噴漆類設(shè)備其照度要求在800～1000Lx，溫度要求在23±2℃，相對濕度55±5％，平均風(fēng)速0.45～0.55m/s。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:宋體"><span style="font-size:16px">3)所有設(shè)備在操作區(qū)噪聲≤85db。</span></span></p> </div> <div id="iwg0qo0g" 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